Glaucoma is a complex eye condition that affects millions of people worldwide. As one of the leading causes of blindness, understanding this disease and the available treatment options is crucial for maintaining healthy vision.

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the vital structure responsible for transmitting visual information from your eyes to your brain. This damage is often caused by increased pressure within the optic nerve, known as intraocular pressure (IOP). If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss and even blindness.
 

There are several types of glaucoma, each with its own unique characteristics and causes. The most common forms are:
 

• Open-Angle Glaucoma: This is the most prevalent type of glaucoma, accounting for the majority of cases. It occurs when the drainage system in the eye (the trabecular meshwork) becomes blocked, leading to a gradual increase in IOP.

• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: This type of glaucoma is characterized by a sudden and severe increase in IOP, often caused by a blockage in the drainage angle of the eye. It requires immediate medical attention.

• Normal-Tension Glaucoma: In this form of glaucoma, the optic nerve is damaged despite normal IOP levels. The exact causes are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to factors such as poor blood flow to the optic nerve.

Understanding the Risk Factors for Glaucoma

Certain factors can increase your risk of developing glaucoma. Some of the most significant risk factors include:
 

• Age: The risk of glaucoma increases as you get older, with the condition becoming more common after the age of 60.

• Family History: If you have a close relative with glaucoma, you are at a higher risk of developing the condition yourself.

• Race: Certain racial and ethnic groups, such as African Americans and Hispanics, have a higher risk of developing glaucoma.

• Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease can increase your risk of glaucoma.

Regular glaucoma screenings are essential for early detection, as glaucoma often develops without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss occurs. Early diagnosis can prevent the progression of the disease and preserve vision.

How is Glaucoma Diagnosed?

Several tests are performed to diagnose glaucoma during glaucoma screenings. One common test is tonometry, which measures intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP is a significant risk factor for glaucoma. Another key test is ophthalmoscopy, where the doctor examines the optic nerve for signs of damage using a special lens and light. A visual field test may also be conducted to check for blind spots in peripheral vision, which could indicate glaucoma. Additionally, gonioscopy helps the doctor view the drainage angle in the eye to assess fluid outflow. Pachymetry measures corneal thickness, as corneal thickness can affect IOP readings. Together, these tests provide a comprehensive evaluation to catch glaucoma early and guide treatment strategies to protect eye health.
 

Treatment Options for Glaucoma

Glaucoma treatment focuses on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent further damage to the optic nerve and preserve vision. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and the individual patient, but they generally fall into three categories: medications, laser therapy, and surgical procedures.
 

One common and effective laser therapy is Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT). SLT is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that uses laser energy to target specific cells in the eye’s trabecular meshwork, which is responsible for draining fluid from the eye. By improving fluid outflow, SLT reduces IOP without damaging surrounding tissue. This procedure is often recommended for patients with open-angle glaucoma and can be used as a primary treatment or as a complement to medication. SLT has a low complication rate and is repeatable if necessary.
 

Another category of glaucoma treatment is Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS). MIGS procedures are designed to lower IOP with fewer complications and faster recovery times compared to traditional glaucoma surgery. These procedures are less invasive and are typically performed for patients with mild to moderate glaucoma. 
 

iStent is one of the most common MIGS devices, which involves implanting a tiny stent to create a bypass for fluid to drain, lowering pressure. Another option is the Hydrus Microstent, which expands the natural drainage pathway to allow better outflow. The XEN Gel Stent works similarly, creating a new channel for fluid to drain from the eye.
 

Each of these treatments offers options for managing glaucoma with minimal disruption to the patient’s daily life, helping maintain vision and prevent further optic nerve damage.
 

Get in Touch with North Texas Ophthalmology Associates Today

Glaucoma is a complex and potentially sight-threatening eye condition, but with early detection and proper treatment, it can be managed effectively. By understanding the risk factors, the importance of regular glaucoma screenings, and the available treatment options, you can take an active role in preserving your vision and maintaining healthy eyes. Your ophthalmologist can guide you through the diagnostic process, develop a personalized treatment plan, and provide ongoing care to ensure the best possible outcomes for your vision.
 

If you or a loved one are concerned about glaucoma, contact North Texas Ophthalmology Associates. Visit us at www.ntoaeye.com or call us at (940) 240-8400 to schedule an appointment today.